Particle-in-Cell (PIC) Simulation for Strong Parallel Shocks Using the SHARP Code

In this study, we investigate the effects of using a reduced ion-to-electron mass ratio on the evolution of parallel weakly magnetized electron-ion strong shocks in 1D3V PIC simulations.

These simulations published as an ApJ letter: "Energy Dissipation in Strong Collisionless Shocks: The Crucial Role of Ion-to-electron Scale Separation in Particle-in-cell Simulations" Shalaby 2024 ApJL 977 L43
MA = 5.3 & mr = 100
MA = 5.3 & mr = 1836
MA = 21.3 & mr = 100
MA = 21.3 & mr = 1836